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Italian Jews can be used in a broad sense to mean all Jews living or with roots in Italy or in a narrower sense to mean the Italkim, an ancient community who use the Italian rite, as distinct from the communities dating from medieval or modern times who use the Sephardi or Ashkenazi rite. == Divisions == Italian Jews historically fell into four categories. #Italkim, Jews of the Italian rite who have resided in Italy since Roman times; see below. #Sephardim, in particular the Spanish and Portuguese Jews, i.e., Jews who arrived in Italy following the expulsions from Spain in 1492, Portugal in 1497, and the Kingdom of Naples in 1533. These in turn include both those expelled at the time and crypto-Jewish families who left Spain and Portugal in subsequent centuries and reverted to Judaism. There was also some immigration by Levantine Sephardim, that is to say families which had lived in the Eastern Mediterranean following expulsion from the Iberian peninsula. #Ashkenazim, Jews living mainly in the northern part of Italy. #The Jews of Asti, Fossano, and Moncalvo ("Appam"). These represent the Jews expelled from France in the Middle Ages. Their liturgy is similar to that of the Ashkenazim, but contains some distinctive usages descended from the French Jews of the time of Rashi, particularly in the services for the High Holy Days. Historically these communities remained separate: in a given city there was often an "Italian synagogue" and a "Spanish synagogue", and occasionally a "German synagogue" as well. In many cases these have since amalgamated, but a given synagogue may have services of more than one rite. Today there are further categories: *The Jews of San Nicandro who are anusim, descendants of the neofiti of San Nicandro Garganico; *Iranian Jews living in Rome and Milan; *Libyan Jews, living in Rome. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Italian Jews」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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